帳號:guest(3.227.252.87)          離開系統
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  

詳目顯示

以作者查詢圖書館館藏以作者查詢臺灣博碩士以作者查詢全國書目勘誤回報
作者:張馨文
作者(外文):Sing-Ving Chang
論文名稱:辛格論醫助自殺
論文名稱(外文):Singer on Physician assisted suicide
指導教授:李瑞全
指導教授(外文):Shui-Chuen Lee
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中央大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所在職專班
舊系所名稱:哲學研究所碩士在職專班
學號:92134016
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:126
中文關鍵詞:生命神聖性自律原則利益的平等考量原則偏好功利主義自願主動安樂死自然死醫助自殺自殺滑坡論證
外文關鍵詞:sanctity of lifeprinciple of autonomyphysician assisted suicideprinciple of equal consideration of interestpreference utilitarianismvoluntary active euthanasianatural deathsuicideslippery slope argument
相關次數:
  • 推薦推薦:0
  • 點閱點閱:54
  • 評分評分:*****
  • 下載下載:18
  • 收藏收藏:0
醫助自殺為生命倫理學裡的一個重要議題,而且是一個道德兩難的問題。若不解決之,其問題會一直持續存在,因此本文分析醫助自殺的道德性,並透過道德理據來解決醫助自殺所引發的道德問題。而由於辛格可說是生命倫理學的巨擘,對於生命倫理學裡的多數議題提出相當完善的論據,如對於殺生與自願安樂死的議題,即提出詳細且嚴謹的論據,且由其支持自願安樂死之論據可申論為支持醫助自殺之論據,因此本文以辛格之進路來論醫助自殺,以期為醫助自殺尋找一條道德上可以接受的出路。
辛格雖為一功利主義者,但他提出與古典功利主義不同的偏好功利主義,並認為偏好功利主義的論述優於古典功利主義,因此本文首先探討辛格之偏好功利主義,並分析偏好功利主義的理論效果。第三章探討辛格與傳統論自殺之論據,主要就五位具有代表性的學者所提出的關於自殺的論據進行道德分析,從神學代表聖湯瑪斯(St. Thomas Aquinas)、以人自身為目的論之康德(Immanuel Kant) 、功利主義代表休謨(David Hume)與辛格(Peter Singer) ,以及折衷派代表貝參(Tom L. Beauchamp)的論據中,發現每一位學者對於自殺皆有其一套的論據,但在仔細分析後,可得出結論是自殺並非絕對不道德。本文進一步分析醫助自殺的理據,主要是探討辛格論醫助自殺之觀點。除了從辛格支持自願安樂死之論據申論他對醫助自殺的證立,探討醫助自殺與自然死及自願主動安樂死的區別之外,本文分析為何醫助自殺是此三者中的最佳之道德選取。本文結以辛格對反醫助自殺論據之回應,主要在對持生命神聖性論據之卡亞斯(Leon R. Kass)、以人自身為目的論據之康德與認為政策合法化會產生滑坡問題的貝參等所提的論據做回應,從中可發現醫助自殺的目的在於讓病人可以從悲慘的處境中得到解脫,而非一不尊重生命或會損害醫病關係的不道德行為,是以本文建議以醫助自殺提供無法醫治且承受劇烈痛苦的病人多一個死亡方式的選擇。
Physician assisted suicide is an important bioethics issue and a thorny moral dilemma. This dissertation gives an analysis of the morality of physician assisted suicide and tries to identify the moral reason for the solution of the moral problems surrounding this issue. Peter Singer is one of the few bioethicist that offers sound arguments to most of the bioethical issues, such as killing and euthanasia. His arguments for euthanasia are meticulous and strong and such arguments could be extended to support physician assisted suicide. Thus, this dissertation takes Singer’s approach for the analysis of the issue, and, argues and seeks a morally acceptable outlet for physician assisted suicide.
Though Singer is a utilitarian, he proposes a slightly different preference utilitarianism other than the classical one, and argues that his preference utilitarianism is an improvement over the classical. Thus I start first with an elucidation of his preference utilitarianism and give an analysis of the theoretical implications of his theory as a ground for the exploration of his ideas on physician assisted suicide. The dissertation turns next to the five classical philosophical stands of suicide, including St Thomas Aquinas as representing the traditional theological position, Kant as the point of view of man as an end, Hume and Singer as utilitarianism and Tom L. Beauchamp’s intermediate position. It is arguable that suicide is not absolutely immorally. The dissertation then delves into the central problem of physician assisted suicide, especially Singer’s point of view. Besides getting his support for physician assisted suicide from his arguments for euthanasia, and the distinction between these two concepts and the concept of natural death, I argue that physician assisted suicide is the morally best choice among the three. The dissertation ends with Singer’s responses to such arguments of Leon R. Kass’s sanctity of life, Kant’s man as an end and Beauchamp’s objection to legalization on the ground of slippery slope. It concludes that physician assisted suicide is not a disrespect of life, nor a harm to physician-patient relation, but the solution for the tragic situation of patient with incurable but painful sickness. Consequently, this dissertation supports physician assisted suicide as a choice for incurable and painful patients to end their miserable life.
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
第一章 導論------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
第一節 研究動機與目的--------------------------------------------------------------1
第二節文獻探討-------------------------------------------------------------------------5
第三節章節安排------------------------------------------------------------------------11
第二章辛格之偏好功利主義---------------------------------------------------------------14
第一節辛格之偏好功利主義--------------------------------------------------------14
第二節 辛格之利益平等考量原則--------------------------------------------------23
第三節偏好功利主義的理論效果---------------------------------------------------29
第三章辛格與傳統論自殺之論據--------------------------------------------------37
第一節自殺的定義---------------------------------------------------------------------37
第二節堅決反對自殺:聖湯瑪斯(St. Thomas Aquinas)----------------------39
第三節自殺為一最不道德的行為:康德(Immanuel Kant)------------------40
第四節有條件的支持自殺:休謨(David Hume)-------------------------------45
第五節折衷派代表:貝参(Tom L. Beauchamp)--------------------------------49
第六節辛格支持自殺之論據-----------------------------------------------------60
第四章辛格論醫助自殺之條件與理據-----------------------------------------64
第一節醫助自殺的定義--------------------------------------------------------------64
第二節道德上可接受的醫助自殺-------------------------------------------------66
第三節醫助自殺、自然死與自願主動安樂死之道德理據之比較------------72
第四節從自願安樂死之論據申論辛格對醫助自殺的證立-------------------82
第五節醫助自殺之建制與執行-------------------------------------------------87
第五章辛格對反醫助自殺論據之回應-----------------------------------------------91
第一節生命神聖論據:卡亞斯(Leon R. Kass)---------------------------91
第二節人自身為目的論據:康德---------------------------------------------96
第三節政策合法化之滑坡論據:貝参---------------------------------------100
第四節辛格對反對論據之回應-------------------------------------------------104
第五節總論--------------------------------------------------------------------------111
附錄一----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------114
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------120
甲、中文參考書目
一、中文專書
G.德沃金、R.G.弗雷、S.博克著,瞿曉梅、邱仁宗譯,2004,《安樂死和醫生協助自殺-贊成和反對的論證》,沈陽︰遼寧教育出版社,初版。
大衛‧卡羅著,陳芳智譯,1990,《生死大事》,台北︰遠流出版公司,初版三刷。
李瑞全,1999,《儒家生命倫理學》,台北︰鵝湖出版社,初版。
杜治政、許志偉主編,2003,《醫學倫理學辭典》,鄭州︰鄭州大學出版社,初版。
沈銘賢,2003,《生命倫理學Bioethics》,北京︰高等教育出版社,初版。
林火旺,1999,《倫理學》,台北:五南書局,初版。
邱仁宗,1988,《生死之間》,台北︰台灣中華書局股份有限公司,初版。
紀 欣,2003,《生死一線間-安樂死與死刑制度之探討》,台北︰商周出版社,
初版。
康德撰,牟宗三譯註,1983,《康德的道德哲學》,台北︰台灣學生,再版。
朗諾‧德沃金著,郭貞伶、陳雅汝譯,2002,《生命的自主權》,台北︰城邦文化
事業有限公司,初版。
恩格爾哈特著,范瑞平譯,1996,《生命倫理學的基礎》,長沙︰湖南科學技術出
版社,二版。
陳 蕃、李傳長,2004,《臨終關懷與安樂死署光》,北京︰中國工人出版社,初
版。
尉遲淦,2003,《生死學概論》,台北︰五南書局,二版。
許爾文‧努蘭著,楊慕華譯,1995,《死亡的臉》,台北︰時報文化,初版二刷。
湯瑪斯‧薩斯著,吳書榆譯,2001,《自殺的權利》,台北:商周出版社,初版。
黃慶明,2000,《倫理學講義》,台北:紅葉文化,修訂版一刷。
黃勝雄,2000,《天使的眼睛-台灣第一本基督徒醫療倫理的告白》,花蓮︰門諾
醫院,初版。
鈕則誠、趙可式、胡文郁,2001,《生死學》,台北︰國立空中大學,初版。
傅偉勳,1993,《死亡的尊嚴與生命的尊嚴》,台北:正中書局,初版。
葉保強、陳志輝,1999,《商亦有道-商業倫理學與個案分析》,香港︰中華書局,
初版。
路易斯‧波伊曼著,江麗美譯,1995,《生與死-現代道德困境的挑戰》,台北:
桂冠圖書公司,初版。
路易斯‧波伊曼編著,魏德驥等譯,1997,《解構死亡-死亡、自殺、安樂死與
死刑的剖析》,香港:榆林書店有限公司,初版一刷。
魯 著,謝文斌譯,1973,《論死亡與瀕死》,台北︰牧童出版社,初版。
戴正德、李明濱,2000,《醫學倫理導論》,台北︰教育部,初版。
二、中文期刊、論文︰
R. G. Frey著,羅秉祥主編,2001,「休謨論自殺」《中外醫學哲學》第3卷第2
期,頁121-141。
王耘婕,2005,《自願主動安樂死的出路─從死亡權的角度分析》,中壢︰中央大學
哲學研究所碩士論文。
李瑞全,1997,「『安樂死』之語意分析」《應用倫理研究通訊》第4期,中壢︰中央大學哲研所,頁1-6。
李瑞全,1998,「論自殺與自律-康德與儒家對談」《第一屆比較哲學研討會論文
集》(嘉義:南華大學),頁101-108。
李瑞全,1999,「論儒家安樂死」《應用倫理研究通訊》第12期,中壢︰中央大學哲研所,頁17-22。
何兆雄,2001,「自殺的道德難題」《中外醫學哲學》第3卷第2期,頁52-53。
劉久清,1999,「論自主性與安樂死」《應用倫理研究通訊》第12期,中壢︰中央大學哲研所,頁9-12。
廖宏彬、車小蘋,2002,「試析『安樂死是一種以生命品性為依歸,對死亡狀態
自主,所主張的權利』」《應用倫理研究通訊》第23期,中壢︰中央大學哲
研所,頁68-72。
蔡維音,1999,「從法學觀點對安樂死的一點反省,以所謂加工自殺為例」《應用倫理研究通訊》第12期,中壢︰中央大學哲研所,頁6-8。
蔡宗珍,1998,「安樂死的合法化爭議」《當代》第126期,頁97-103。
鄭依青,2005,《論癌末病人醫助自殺之道德性》,中壢︰中央大學哲學研究所
碩士論文。
鄭慧文,2002,「安樂死(尊嚴死)的可行性探討:立法例歷史沿革與醫界挑戰之觀
點」《國家政策季刊》第1卷第2期,頁159-178。
劉桂光,2000,「從儒家生命倫理學的觀點討論自願安樂死」《應用倫理研究通訊》
第13期,中壢︰中央大學哲研所,頁41-45。
謝文祥,2000,《由安寧照顧、安樂死與自然死探討臨終病人的醫療困境》,中
壢︰中央大學哲學研究所碩士論文。
顏厥安,1998,「生命的意義不必然在繼續活下去─由彼得辛格的觀點談安樂死問
題」《當代》第126期,頁86-96。
羅秉祥,1998,「儒家的生死價值與安樂死」《中外醫學哲學》第1卷第1期,頁35-70。
羅秉祥,2001,「在泰山與鴻毛之間-儒家存生取死的價值觀」《中外醫學哲學》第3卷第2期,頁5-46。
釋慧開,1999,「自古艱難唯一死─從王曉民的生死困境論安易死的可能出路」《應用倫理研究通訊》第12期,中壢︰中央大學哲研所,頁13-16。
三、網路資料:
寧波醫學信息網,「比利時繼荷蘭後全球第二個正式實施安樂死法」,網址:
http://www.nbmed.com/viewinfo.asp?id=427。
行政院法務部,「全國法規資料庫」,網址:
http://law.moj.gov.tw/Scripts/Query4B.asp?FullDoc=所有條文&Lcode=C00
00001。
乙、 英文參考書目
一、 英文專書
Beauchamp, Tom L. and Childress, James F., 2001, Principles of Biomedical Ethics,
Yew york: Oxford University Press, 5thed..
Beauchamp, Tom L. and Walters, LeRoy, 1999, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, Belmont, CA: Wadworth-Thomson Learning, 5thed..
Beauchamp, Tom L. and Walters, LeRoy, 2003, Contemporary issues in Bioethics,
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth -Thomson Learning, 6thed..
Feldman, Fred, 1978, Introductory Ethics, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Gorovitz, Samuel etc., 1976, Moral Problems in Medicine, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.:
Prentice-Hall, Inc..
Singer, Peter, 1999, Practical Ethics, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed..
Regan, Tom, 1980, Matter of Life and Death, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Rachels, James, 2003, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, New York: The McGraw-
Hill Companies, 4thed..
Uhlmann, Michael M., 1998, Last Rights?: Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed..
二、英文期刊、論文:
American Medical Association, 1993, “Physician-Assisted Suicide”, in Tom L.
Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 1999,
Belmont, CA: Wadworth-Thomson Learning, 5thed., pp.329-332.
American Medical Association, 1994, “A Statement on Physician-Assisted Suicide” , in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998, Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed.,
pp.399-406.
Arkes, Hadley V., 1992, “The Right to Die-Again”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998, Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed., pp.95-110.
Beauchamp, Tom L., 1980, “Suicide”, in Tom Regan, Matters of Life and Death, 1980,
Philadelphia: Temple University Press, pp.67-102.
Brock, Dan W., 1992, “Voluntary Active Euthanasia”, in Tom L. Beauchamp and
LeRoyWalters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 1999, Belmont, CA: Wadworth
-Thomson Learning, 5thed., pp.296-305.
Battin, Margaret Pabst, 1995, “Ethical Issues in Physician-Assisted Suicide”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last Rights?: Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated,
1998, Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed.,
pp.135-140.
Dworkin, Ronald, 1994, “Do We Have a Right to Die?”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last
Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998, Washington, D.C.:
Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed., p.75-93.
Gert, Bernard, Culver, Charles M., and Clouser, Danner, 1998, “An Alternative to Physician-Assisted suicide”, in Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 2003, Belmont, CA: Wadworth-Thomson Learning, 6thed., pp.244-251.
Hume, David, 1963, “From Essay on Suicide”, in Samuel Gorovitz etc., Moral Problems in Medicine, 1983, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2nded.,
pp.437-442.
Kant, Immanuel, 1963, “Duties Towards the Body in Regard to Life”, in Samuel
Gorovitz etc., Moral Problems in Medicine, 1983, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. :
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2nded., p.434.
Kant, Immanuel, 1963, “Suicide”, in Samuel Gorovitz etc., Moral Problems in Medicine, 1983, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2nded., pp.434-437.
Kevorkian, Jack, 1992, “A Fail-Safe Model for Justifiable Medically Assisted Suicide”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, LastRights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998, Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed.,
pp.263-283.
Kamm, F. M., 1997, “A Right to Choose Death”, in Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 2003, Belmont, CA: Wadworth-
Thomson Learning, 6thed., pp.186-191.
Kass, Leon R., 1990, “Death with Dignity and the Sanctity of Life”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last Rights?: Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998,
Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed., pp.199-222.
Kass, Leon R., 1992, “Why Doctor Must Not Kill”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last
Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998, Washington, D. C. :
Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed., pp.297-306.
Kass, Leon R., 1993, “Is There a Right to Die?”, in Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy
Walters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 2003, Belmont, CA: Wadworth-
Thomson Learning, 6thed., pp.191-200.
Pellegrino, Edmund D., 1996, “Rethinking the Hippocratic Oath”, in Michael M.
Uhlmann, Last Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998,
Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed., pp.257-261.
Quill, Timothy E., Lo, Bernard, and Brock, Dan W., 1997, “A Comparison of
Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking, Terminal Sedation, Physician-Assisted Suicide, and Voluntary Active Euthanasia”, in Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters , Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 2003, Belmont, CA: Wadworth-
Thomson Learning, 6thed., pp.253-254.
Quill, Timothy E., 1993, “Death and Dignity: A. The case of Diane”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998,
Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15th ed., pp.319-325.
Quill, Timothy E., 1993, “Death and Dignity: B. Criteria for Physician-Assisted Suicide”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998, Washington:Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed.,
pp.326-335.
Rachels, James., 1975, “Active and Passive Euthanasia”, in Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters, Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 1999, Belmont, CA:
Wadworth-Thomson Learning, 5thed., pp.290-293.
Singer, Peter, 1955, “Rethinking Life and Death: A New Ethical Approach”, in Michael M. Uhlmann, Last Rights? : Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia Debated, 1998,
Washington, D. C. : Ethics and Public Policy Center publish, 15thed., pp.171-198.
“The Oregon Death with Dignity Act”, in Tom L. Beauchamp and LeRoy Walters,
Contemporary Issues in Bioethics, 2003, Belmont, CA: Wadworth-Thomson
Learning, 6thed., pp.201-204.
United States Supreme Court, 1990, “Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Deppartment of
Health”, In Tom L. Beauchamp, and LeRoy Walters , Contemporary Issues in
Bioethics, 2003, Belmont, CA: Wadworth-Thomson Learning, 6thed., pp.159-163.
論文全文檔清單如下︰
1.電子全文(1728.944K)
(電子全文 已開放)
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
* *