本論文將論證，邵氏兄弟(香港)電影公司在一九六零年代出產的國語歌舞片，其內容及形式上的轉變，皆展現對於當代香港社會與文化的變遷的高度關切以及回應。當香港正經歷現代化的過程，邵氏亦建立了現代化的電影片廠及垂直整合的生產系統。此外，它更製作了新式的歌舞電影，以創新的彩色闊銀幕做為號召。這些現代的歌舞片充滿色彩鮮艷的場景及服裝，及大規模的歌舞表演，不僅僅為了展示科技的創新。片中更納入現代性的符號、流行文化、及混雜的文化圖象以迎合香港現代化的社會脈動，包含經濟成長、人口結構的改變、以及香港六七暴動後的社會復甦。透過觀察邵氏國語歌舞片在十年間，主題、角色、及歌舞表演上的轉變，可顯現邵氏對於當代社會及觀眾的掌握度及敏感度。

　　因此，本文第一章首先探討三部六零年代初期由陶秦執導的國語歌舞片：《千嬌百媚》 (1961)、《花團錦簇》(1963)、及《萬花迎春》(1964)。三部電影皆呈現一種現代社會並處理如個人主義或身分問題的現代議題。片中各式各樣的歌舞場景，不僅是視聽上的饗宴，同時也提供觀眾一種國際觀以及滿足觀眾對於新事物的嚮往。在第二章，我指出邵氏為因應香港戰後第二代青年的人口逐漸成長，將其國語歌舞片改以年輕一代作為主角。薛群的《小雲雀》(1964) 及井上梅次的《香江花月夜》(1967) 及《花月良宵》(1968) ，為三部在六零年代中期製作的歌舞電影，它們皆以年輕一代做為影片中的核心人物，代表著社會中樂觀與正面向上的精神。這些角色鞏固家庭成員之間的情感，並解決不同世代甚或不同文化所造成的衝突。此外，此時期歌舞片中的音樂表演片段融入當時的流行文化，顯示流行曲、阿哥哥舞蹈、及電視文化的普及不僅影響當代社會，並幫助形塑香港人的文化認同。在第三章，我將論證張徹導演的《大盜歌王》(1969) 及井上梅次導演的《釣金龜》(1969) 及史馬山導演的《椰林春戀》(1969) 反應六七暴動後劇烈改變的香港，當時混亂的社會尋求釋放並重新復甦經濟。這些歌舞片為了吸引不同觀眾群，在女性為中心的歌舞類型中，融合了其它片種 (如動作片) 的陽剛性與打鬥場景。刺激感與暴力都是邵氏歌舞類型中的新元素。此外，影片亦展示東南亞國家的風景及特色景點。這些戶外場景不僅呼應了當時香港發展中的旅遊業，以及香港邁向國際化都市的進程，更滿足了觀眾對於旅行即能動性的渴望。而類型混雜的多樣性及多元文化的符號，皆體現在林沖此主要演員的形象上。

　　In this thesis I argue that Shaw Brothers (HK) Ltd. produced modern Mandarin musicals in the 1960s, and their notable transformations in content and style well manifest their attention and reaction to the drastic social and cultural changes of contemporary Hong Kong society during the period. While Hong Kong was going through a modernization phase in the 1960s, Shaw Brothers modernized its film studios and vertically integrated production system. Furthermore, it produced its new Mandarin musicals in color and widescreen format—the forerunners of the technique. These musicals that set in modern time with colorful settings and costumes and large-scale musical numbers do not merely promote the company’s technical innovation. They present a modern society which respectively incorporates sings of modernity, popular cultures, and hybrid cultural images to quickly adapt to the modernization of Hong Kong, including its economic growth, demographic changes, and the resuscitation after the 1967 Riots. A diachronic reading of Shaw Brothers’ Mandarin musicals focuses on the modifications of the themes, characterization, and musical numbers in the existing musical film forms. The transformations of its modern musicals show the company’s sensitivity to the contemporary Hong Kong society and its audience.

　　Chapter one examines three musicals directed by Tao Qin, Les Belles (1961), Love Parade (1963), and The Dancing Millionairess (1964), produced in the early 60s. They responded to the modernization of Hong Kong society by picturing a version of modern life, in which the protagonists are involved in modern issues concerning individualism and identity. The dancing and singing performances of various styles not only display audio-visual attractions but also provide an international perspective to satisfy the audience’s expectation for new things. In chapter two, I point out that Shaw Brothers acknowledged the emerging population of the second generation in the post-war Hong Kong and set the protagonists as the younger generation in its musicals. In the three musicals around mid-60s, The Lark (1965) directed by Xue Qun and two other films directed by Umetsugu Inoue: Hong Kong Nocturne (1967) and Hong Kong Rhapsody (1968), the younger generation are the central figures who stand for the upbeat and positive spirits in the society. They strengthen family bonds and solve conflicts caused by oppositional values of different generations. Furthermore, the musical performances in the films incorporate the emerging popular culture. They indicate that pop songs, ago go, and television culture permeate contemporary society and help form a cultural identity for modern Hong Kong. In chapter three, I contend that Chang Cheh’s The Singing Thief (1969), Umetsugu Inoue’s The Millionaire Chase (1969), and Shih Mashan’s Tropicana Interlude (1969) react to the drastic changes in the post-riot Hong Kong that the chaotic society was anxious for releasing from oppression and reinvigorate the economy and social development. These films aim to attract different groups of audience by blending masculinity and fighting scenes from other popular genres, such as action films, in the female-centric musicals. Excitement and violence are newly added in Shaw’s musical production. In addition, they display exotic landscapes and scenic spots of other East Asian countries. The outdoor sceneries in different countries not only respond to the developing tourism in Hong Kong and its transforming into an international city but also satisfy the audience’s desire for traveling and mobility. The diversity of the mixed genre types and multi-cultural signs are embodied by the figure of the actor Lin Chong.

Chinese Abstract i
English Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vi
List of Figures 　vii

Introduction 1

Chapter One
The Coming of the New: Modernity in Shaw Brothers’ Mandarin Musicals in the Early 1960s 13

Chapter Two
Emergence of the Young, the Youth Spirit and Popular Culture 33

Chapter Three
Crossing the Borders of Genres and the Island 55

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Filmography
Hong Kong Nocturne (香江花月夜). Dir. Umetsugu Inoue. Prod. Run Run Shaw. Perf. Cheng Peipei, Lily Ho, Chin Ping, and Peter Chen Ho. Shaw Brothers, 1967. DVD.
Hong Kong Rhapsody (花月良宵). Dir. Umetsugu Inoue. Prod. Run Run Shaw. Perf. Lee Ching and Peter Chen Hp. Shaw Brothers, 1968. DVD.
Les Belles (千嬌百媚). Dir. Tao Qin. Prod. Runme Shaw. Perf. Lin Dai, Peter Chen Ho, and Kao Paoshu. Shaw Brothers, 1961. DVD.
Love Parade (花團錦簇). Dir. Tao Qin. Prod. Run Run Shaw. Perf. Lin Dai, Peter Chen Hp, Kao Paoshu, and King Hu. Shaw Brothers, 1963. DVD.
The Dancing Millionairess (萬花迎春). Dir. Tao Qin. Prod. Run Run Shaw. Perf. Loh Ti, Peter Chen Ho, and King Hu. Shaw Brothers, 1964. DVD.
The Lark (小雲雀). Dir. Xue Qun. Perf. Gu Mei, Peter Chen, Kao Paoshu and Chiang Kwongchao. Shaw Brothers, 1965.
The Millionaire Chase (釣金龜). Dir. Umetsugu Inoue. Prod. Runme Shaw. Perf. Lily Ho, Peter Chen Ho, Ting Pei, and Chin Feng. Shaw Brothers, 1969. VCD.
The Singing Thief (大盜歌王). Dir. Chang Cheh. Prod. Run Run Shaw. Perf. Lin Chong and Lily Ho. Shaw Brothers, 1969. VCD.
Tropicana Interlude (椰林春戀). Dir. Shi Mashan. Prod. Run Run Shaw. Perf. Lin Chong and Lily Ho. Shaw Brothers, 1969. VCD.