帳號:guest(44.202.183.118)          離開系統
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  

詳目顯示

以作者查詢圖書館館藏以作者查詢臺灣博碩士論文系統以作者查詢全國書目
作者(中文):陳淯星
作者(外文):Chen, Yu-Hsing
論文名稱(中文):以固態轉供開關與不斷電系統為基礎之電壓驟降渡過策略
論文名稱(外文):Voltage sag ride-through solutions based on solid-state transfer switches and uninterruptible power supplies
指導教授(中文):鄭博泰
指導教授(外文):Cheng, Po-Tai
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立清華大學
系所名稱:電機工程學系
學號:937904
出版年(民國):99
畢業學年度:98
語文別:英文
論文頁數:217
中文關鍵詞:電力品質電壓驟降變壓器磁通湧浪電流固態轉供開關不斷電系統
外文關鍵詞:power qualityvoltage sagtransformerfluxinrush currentsolid-state transfer switchuninterruptible power supply
相關次數:
  • 推薦推薦:0
  • 點閱點閱:3242
  • 評分評分:*****
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏收藏:0
本論文針對固態轉供開關系統(STS)與不斷電系統(UPS),提出了一個新型的磁通控制技術,以實現快速的負載轉移並同時抑制湧浪電流。以閘流體元件為基礎的傳統的固態轉供開關系統已經被廣泛的應用於電力網路以提升電力品質與供電可靠度。然而,傳統的固態轉供開關系統所需之負載轉供時間經常需要超過四分之ㄧ個市電週期,同時負載轉供的過程也會引起嚴重的湧浪電流。在本論文中,一個具備強制換相電路之改良式固態轉供開關被提出,用於大幅減少線路轉移時間,並為敏感性負載提供更快速的電壓驟降渡過能力。以強制換相能力為基礎,當固態轉供開關搭配負載變壓器被用於保護敏感性負載時,一磁通估測技術與一閘流體之切換策略被提出用於抑制饋線轉移時之湧浪電流。實驗室之測試結果與電路設計上之考量均被提出討論,以驗證本論文所提出之固態轉供開關系統之效能。
不斷電系統之湧浪電流議題與解決方案同樣在本論文被提出。當不斷電系統被使用作為電壓驟降渡過策略時,負載從故障的市電電壓轉換到不斷電系統之過程經常伴隨著湧浪電流現象。為了抑制湧浪電流,一閉迴路之磁通補償器被提出,並被整合於傳統之電壓與電流控制器。本論文所提出之磁通補償器能追蹤變壓器之磁通變化,並能在不犧牲任何輸出電力品質之狀態下立即修正驟降電壓所引起之磁通偏移。因此能完全避免湧浪電流。除此之外,本文所提出之磁通控制設計被延伸至抑制多具負載變壓器於不斷電系統中所引起的湧浪電流問題。有關於磁通控制策略之設計考量與磁通估測技術之誤差分析均在本論文中被詳細探討。
This dissertation presents a new flux control scheme for a solid-state transfer switch (STS)
system and an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system to accomplish fast load transfer and to
mitigate the inrush current. Conventional STS system based on thyristors has been widely used in
medium-voltage applications to enhance the power quality and reliability. However, conventional
STS system often requires more than a quarter of cycle to complete the load transfer and its line
transfer action also causes a considerable inrush current. In this dissertation, an improved STS
with forced commutated circuit is presented to greatly reduce the transfer time and provide a better
voltage sag ride-through capability for the critical loads. Based on this forced commutation capability,
moreover, a flux estimation scheme and a thyristor gating scheme are presented to suppress
the inrush current during the load transition process when the combination of the STS system and
the transformer is used to serve the critical loads. Laboratory test results and design considerations
are presented to validate the performance of proposed STS system.
The inrush current issues associated with the solution for the UPS system are also presented
in the dissertation. When the UPS systems are used for the voltage sag ride-through, the inrush
current phenomenon often exists in the load transition process from a deformed grid voltage to
battery power. To mitigate the inrush current, a closed-loop flux compensator is proposed and
integrated with the voltage and current controllers. The proposed flux compensator can track the
transformer flux and corrects the flux deviation in real time without sacrificing any voltage quality,
thus completely avoiding the inrush current. Furthermore, the proposed flux control design is
also extended to alleviate the inrush current when multiple transformers are energized by the UPS
system. Detail description of the design issues and investigation of flux estimation error are given.
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Dissertation organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2 Literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1 Conventional solid-state transfer switch system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.1.1 Voltage sag detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2 Thyristor gating strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.3 Zero-voltage back-up transfer logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Medium voltage hybrid transfer Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 Forced commutation techniques in transfer switch applications . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.1 Solid-state circuit breakers with active turn-off capability . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.2 Thyristor-based Solid-state circuit breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 Inrush current phenomenon of transfer switch systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5 Conventional voltage and current control UPS systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5.1 Filter inductor current control and load current decoupling . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5.2 Load current decoupling control design with dio/dt feedback . . . . . . . . 24
2.5.3 Filter capacitor current feedback control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.6 Inrush current mitigation techniques for power converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.6.1 Inrush current mitigation by output voltage control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.6.2 Inrush current mitigation by controlling UPS switching timing . . . . . . . 28
2.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3 Operation principles of forced commutation techniques for the solid-state transfer
switch system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2 Detection of voltage sags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.3 Impulse commutated solid-state transfer switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4 Impulse commutation bridge solid-state transfer switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.5 Design criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.6 Experimental results of ICSTS system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.6.1 Linear load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.6.2 Inverter load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.6.3 Voltage swell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.7 Experimental results of ICBSTS system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.7.1 Forced commutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.7.2 Single phase fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.7.3 Three phase fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.7.4 Transfer time of the ICBSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.8 Precharge of the resonant capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.8.1 Method I: Basic charging circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.8.2 Method II: Thyristor and varistor charging circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.9 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4 Inrush current suppression technique for the solid-state transfer switch system . . 77
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.2 Operation principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.2.1 Flux estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.2.2 Thyristor gating scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.3 Laboratory test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.3.1 Symmetrical fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.3.2 Asymmetrical fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.3.3 Total load-transfer time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5 Inrush current mitigation technique for the line-interactive uninterruptible power
supply systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.2 Operation principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
5.2.1 Physical component of proposed UPS system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.2.2 SRF Closed-loop voltage and current controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.2.3 Proposed flux compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5.2.4 Decoupling control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5.3 Simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5.3.1 Simulation results of conventional voltage and current control UPS system 111
5.3.2 Simulation results of UPS system with proposed inrush current mitigation
technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
5.4 Laboratory test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5.4.1 Conventional voltage and current control method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
5.4.2 Proposed UPS control method with inrush current mitigation technique . . 123
5.4.3 Line commutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5.5 Disturbance rejection capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
5.6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
5.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
6 Flux estimation techniques for inrush current mitigation of line interactive UPS
systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
6.2 Transformer flux estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
6.2.1 Open-loop flux estimator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
6.2.2 Closed-loop flux observer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
6.3 Error investigation of proposed flux estimation schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.4 Laboratory test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
6.4.1 Conventional voltage and current control UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
6.4.2 Flux estimation techniques for inrush current mitigation . . . . . . . . . . 152
6.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
7 Inrush current mitigation technique for UPS systems withmultiple load transformers165
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
7.2 Operation principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
7.2.1 Inrush current mitigation technique for multiple load transformers . . . . . 166
7.2.2 Detection of transformer switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
7.3 Simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
7.3.1 Simulation results of conventional UPS system with two load transformers 170
7.3.2 Simulation results of proposed UPS system with two load transformers . . 171
7.3.3 Investigation of error in the inrush current mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
7.4 Laboratory test results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
7.4.1 Conventional UPS system with two load transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
7.4.2 Proposed UPS system with two load transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
7.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
8 Conclusion and future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
8.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
8.2 Future work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Specification for semiconductor processing equipment voltage sag immunity
(SEMI F47-0200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Appendix B: Data of electrical steel sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
VITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
[1] “IEEE recommended practice for monitoring electric power quality,” IEEE standard 1159-
1995, Nov. 1995.
[2] IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power
Systems, IEEE standard 493-2007, 2007.
[3] M. H. Bollen, Understanding power quality problems : voltage sags and interruptions. 3
Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997: Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc., 2000.
[4] Y.-H. Chung, “Medium voltage hybrid transfer switch,” in Power Engineering Society Winter
Meeting, 2002. IEEE, vol. 2, 2002, pp. 1158–1163.
[5] H. Mokhtari,M. R. Iravani, and S. B. Dewan, “Transient behavior of load transformer during
subcycle bus transfer,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1342–1349, Oct. 2003.
[6] J. W. Schwartzenberg and R. W. De Doncker, “15kV medium voltage static transfer switch,”
in Industry Applications Conference, 1995. Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting, IAS ’95., Conference
Record of the 1995 IEEE, vol. 3, 1995, pp. 2515–2520.
[7] “Specification for semiconductor processing equipment voltage sag immunity,” Semiconductor
Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) standard SEMI F47-0200, Jun. 2000.
[8] H. Mokhtari, S. B. Dewan, and M. R. Iravani, “Performance evaluation of thyristor based
static transfer switch,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 960–966, July 2000.
[9] ——, “Effect of regenerative load on a static transfer switch performance,” IEEE Trans.
Power Delivery, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 619–624, Oct. 2001.
[10] ——, “Analysis of a static transfer switch with respect to transfer time,” IEEE Trans. Power
Delivery, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 190–199, Jan. 2002.
[11] A. Sannino, “Static transfer switch: analysis of switching conditions and actual transfer time,”
in Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001. IEEE, vol. 1, 2001, pp. 120–125.
[12] ——, “Power quality improvement in an industrial plant with motor load by installing a
static transfer switch,” in Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual
Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, vol. 2, 2001, pp. 782–788.
[13] M. T. Toshifumi Ise and K. Tsuji, “Hybrid transfer switch with fault current limiting function,”
in Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2000. Proceedings. Ninth International Conference
on, vol. 1, 2000, pp. 189–192.
[14] H. Mokhtari and M. R. Iravani, “Impact of difference of feeder impedances on the performance
of a static transfer switch,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 679–685,
April 2004.
[15] C. Meyer, S. Schroder, and R. W. De Doncker, “Solid-state circuit breakers and current limiters
for medium-voltage systems having distributed power systems,” IEEE Trans. Power
Electronics, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1333–1340, Sept. 2004.
[16] C.Meyer and R.W. De Doncker, “Solid-state circuit breaker based on active thyristor topologies,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 450–458, March 2006.
[17] M. J. Ryan and R. D. Lorenz, “A high performance sine wave inverter controller with capacitor
current feedback and ”back-EMF” decoupling,” in Power Electronics Specialists Conference,
1995. PESC ’95 Record., 26th Annual IEEE, vol. 1, 1995, pp. 507–513.
[18] M. J. Ryan, W. E. Brumsickle, and R. D. Lorenz, “Control topology options for single-phase
UPS inverters,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 493–501, March-April
1997.
[19] N.M. Abdel-Rahim and J. E. Quaicoe, “Analysis and design of a multiple feedback loop control
strategy for single-phase voltage-source UPS inverters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics,
vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 532–541, July 1996.
[20] P. C. Loh, M. J. Newman, D. N. Zmood, and D. G. Holmes, “A comparative analysis of
multiloop voltage regulation strategies for single and three-phase UPS systems,” IEEE Trans.
Power Electronics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1176–1185, Sept. 2003.
[21] S. Martinez, M. Castro, R. Antoranz, and F. Aldana, “Off-line uninterruptible power supply
with zero transfer time using integrated magnetics,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics,
vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 441–445, August 1989.
[22] H.Wysocki, K. Yackel, and P. Ghosh, “Static UPS failures-origin and possible prevention,” in
Industrial Technology 2000. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on, vol. 2, 2000,
pp. 19–22.
[23] C.-C. Yeh and M. D. Manjrekar, “A reconfigurable uninterruptible power supply system for
multiple power quality applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp.
1361–1372, July 2007.
[24] V. Zaltsman, “Inrush current control for equipment powered by UPSs,” in Telecommunications
Energy Conference, 1989. INTELEC ’89. Conference Proceedings., Eleventh International,
vol. 2, 1989, pp. 19.4/1–19.4/7.
[25] C. Fitzer, A. Arulampalam,M. Barnes, and R. Zurowski, “Mitigation of saturation in dynamic
voltage restorer connection transformers,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 17, no. 6, pp.
1058–1066, Nov. 2002.
[26] Y. Cui, S. G. Abdulsalam, S. Chen, and W. Xu, “A sequential phase energization technique
for transformer inrush current reduction - Part I: Simulation and experimental results,” IEEE
Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 943–949, April 2005.
[27] W. Xu, S. G. Abdulsalam, Y. Cui, and X. Liu, “A sequential phase energization technique for
transformer inrush current reduction - Part II: theoretical analysis and design guide,” IEEE
Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 950–957, April 2005.
[28] L. Ban and T. H. Ortmeyer, “Improved motor starting capability of three phase UPS inverters,”
in Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2004. 11th International Conference on, 2004, pp.
678–683.
[29] G. Zenginobuz, I. Cadirci, M. Ermis, and C. Barlak, “Performance optimization of induction
motors during voltage-controlled soft starting,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 19,
no. 2, pp. 278–288, June 2004.
[30] H. Yamada, E. Hiraki, and T. Tanaka, “A novel method of suppressing the inrush current of
transformers using a series-connected voltage-source pwm converter,” in Power Electronics
and Drives Systems, 2005. PEDS 2005. International Conference on, vol. 1, 2006, pp. 280–
285.
[31] J. H. Brunke and K. J. Frohlich, “Elimination of transformer inrush currents by controlled
switching - Part I: Theoretical considerations,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 16, no. 2,
pp. 276–280, April 2001.
[32] ——, “Elimination of transformer inrush currents by controlled switching - Part II: Application
and performance considerations,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 16, no. 2, pp.
281–285, April 2001.
[33] M. G. Ennis and R. P. O’Leary, “Solid state transfer switches: the quarter-cycle myth,” in
Power Systems World, Chicago, 1999.
[34] S. Schroder, C. Meyer, and R. W. De Doncker, “Solid-state circuit breakers and currentlimiting
devices for medium-voltage systems,” in Power Electronics Congress, 2002. Technical
Proceedings. CIEP 2002. VIII IEEE International, 2002, pp. 91–95.
[35] C. Meyer, M. Hoing, and R. W. De Doncker, “Novel solid-state circuit breaker based on
active thyristor topologies,” in Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04.
2004 IEEE 35th Annual, vol. 4, 2004, pp. 2559–2564.
[36] P.-T. Cheng and Y.-H. Chen, “Design and implementation of an impulse commutated solidstate
transfer switch,” IEEJ Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 126, no. 7, pp. 888–896, July
2006.
[37] J. A. Oliver, R. Lawrence, and B. B. Banerjee, “How to specify power-quality-tolerant process
equipment,” IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 21–30, Sept.-Oct.
2002.
[38] P.-T. Cheng and C.-H. Tsai, “An improved solid-state transfer switch controller for sensitive
industrial loads,” in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2003, IEEE, vol. 4, 2003,
pp. 13–17.
[39] J.W. Schwartzenberg, “Application of ac switch power electronic building blocks in medium
voltage static transfer switches,” in Power Engineering Society GeneralMeeting, 2003, IEEE,
vol. 3, 2003, pp. 13–17.
[40] A. Sannino, “STS and induction motors,” IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, vol. 9, pp.
50–57, July-Aug 2003.
[41] J. Pedra, L. Sainz, F. Corcoles, and L. Guasch, “Symmetrical and unsymmetrical voltage
sag effects on three-phase transformers,” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 2, pp.
1683–1691, Apr. 2005.
[42] R. W. De Doncker and J. P. Lyons, “Control of three phase power supplies for ultra low
THD,” in Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1991. APEC ’91. Conference
Proceedings, 1991., Sixth Annual, 1991, pp. 622–629.
[43] T. G. Habetler, “A space vector-based rectifier regulator for AC/DC/AC converters,” IEEE
Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 30–36, January 1993.
[44] Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book. East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
Central Station Engineers of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, 1950.
[45] Y. Li, D. M. Vilathgamuwa, and P. C. Loh, “Microgrid power quality enhancement using
a three-phase four-wire grid-interfacing compensator,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications,
vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1707–1719, Nov.-Dec. 2005.
[46] W.-C. Lee, T.-K. Lee, and D.-S. Hyun, “A three-phase parallel active power filter operating
with pcc voltage compensation with consideration for an unbalanced load,” IEEE Trans.
Power Electronics, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 807–814, September 2002.
[47] S. Bhattacharya, T. Frank, D. Divan, and B. Banerjee, “Parallel active filter system implementation
and design issues for utility interface of adjustable speed drive systems,” in Industry
Applications Conference, 1996. Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting, IAS ’96., Conference
Record of the 1996 IEEE, vol. 2, 1996, pp. 1032–1039.
[48] P.-T. Cheng, C.-A. Chen, T.-L. Lee, and S.-Y. Kuo, “A cooperative imbalance compensation
method for distributed-generation interface converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electronics,
vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 805–815, March-april 2009.
[49] D. G. Luenberger, “An introduction to observers,” IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 16,
no. 6, pp. 596–602, 1971.
[50] P. L. Jansen and R. D. Lorenz, “A physically insightful approach to the design and accuracy
assessment of flux observers for field oriented induction machine drives,” IEEE Trans.
Industry Applications, vol. 30, pp. 101–110, Jan.-Feb. 1994.
[51] A.-S. A. Luiz, S. R. Silva, and B. R. Menezes, “Assessment of flux observer performance for
induction motor drive,” in Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 1997. IECON
97. 23rd International Conference on, vol. 2, 1997, pp. 494–499.
[52] J.-H. Kim, J.-W. Choi, and S.-K. Sul, “Novel rotor-flux observer using observer characteristic
function in complex vector space for field-oriented induction motor drives,” IEEE Trans.
Industry Applications, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 1334–1343, 2002.
[53] T. Gallant and P. J. Tavner, “Low starting current cage induction motors for the offshore
petrochemical industry,” in Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2002. International
Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 487), 2002, pp. 387–391.
[54] “Test method for semiconductor processing equipment voltage sag immunity,” Semiconductor
Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) standard SEMI F42-0600, May 2000.
[55] Non-oriented electrical steel sheets. 6-3 Otemachi 2-chome Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-8071
Japan: Nippon Steel Corporation. Available: http://www.nsc.co.jp/, 2004.
(此全文限內部瀏覽)
電子全文
摘要
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
* *